The United Kingdom and Norway have entered a new phase of military cooperation aimed at strengthening the defense of NATO’s northern flank, with a particular focus on the Norwegian Arctic. A recent bilateral agreement will allow the UK Commando Force, led by the Royal Marines, to operate on a permanent, year-round basis in Norway, expanding the existing framework of annual winter deployments.
The understanding, known as the Lunna House Agreement, reinforces the UK’s commitment to the defense of one of its closest allies within the Atlantic Alliance and establishes the need to maintain forces prepared for potential combat scenarios in one of the most demanding environments in the world. Within this framework, the Royal Marines are consolidating their role as the United Kingdom’s specialists in extreme-climate operations, mountain warfare, and cold-weather combat—capabilities they have been developing in the region for more than five decades.
As part of this expanded cooperation, both countries are moving forward with the strengthening of their joint military capabilities, including investments in armaments and programs related to unmanned mine countermeasures and undersea warfare systems, autonomous vehicles for underwater patrol missions, and a future interoperable fleet of Type 26 frigates. This latter aspect is directly linked to Norway’s decision, announced in September 2025, to become the first country to acquire these UK-developed frigates, which are expected to begin entering service with the Royal Norwegian Navy from 2030 onward.
Operational Deployment and Training
On the operational level, the UK Commando Force established an operations hub known as Camp Viking in 2023, located in the town of Øverbygd, approximately 65 kilometers south of Tromsø. During the current deployment, the United Kingdom will send around 1,500 personnel, along with all-terrain vehicles and helicopters from the Commando Helicopter Force, which will operate along the coastlines and mountainous areas of northern Norway.
These forces will take part in Exercise Cold Response, considered the largest military exercise conducted in Norway and scheduled for 2026. The activity is intended to demonstrate NATO cohesion and deterrence capabilities in the High North, involving joint operations with Norwegian forces and Dutch Marines in an environment characterized by fjords, mountainous terrain, and extreme weather conditions.
Lieutenant Colonel Chris Armstrong, commander of the 30 Commando Information Exploitation Group, stated: “The UK Commando Force is stepping up its readiness to fight alongside our allies in the High North.” He added: “As NATO’s cold-weather specialists, we are relentlessly focused on mission rehearsal with our closest partners,” concluding that by combining intelligence, commando tactics, and advanced technology, British forces remain prepared for future operations.
Modernization and Strategic Outlook
The modernization of the UK Commando Force has been underway for six years and includes the development of artificial intelligence–assisted targeting systems, multidomain fires, and unmanned surface vehicles (USVs), along with the strengthening of strategic alliances within NATO. According to British sources, the full implementation of the plans derived from the Lunna House Agreement is intended to provide the Alliance with a qualitative advantage in the Arctic.
In parallel, the Commando Helicopter Force, based at Yeovilton, deploys its assets to the Royal Norwegian Air Force base at Bardufoss as part of Operation Clockwork. There, Commando Wildcat and Merlin helicopters conduct their annual cold-weather training. This air base is located approximately 32 kilometers west of Camp Viking—a distance that can take more than an hour by road, but only a few minutes by air.
The expansion of the British presence in Norway is part of a sustained trend. As early as February 2022, Royal Marines were deployed to the Arctic to prepare for major exercises alongside NATO allies. At the time, the UK Ministry of Defence stated that “each winter, the next generation of Royal Marines heads north to train in survival, mobility, and combat along the rugged coastlines and unforgiving mountains of northern Norway,” underscoring the United Kingdom’s commitment to regional security.
In this way, the bilateral agreements between London and Oslo consolidate a long-term military partnership that combines permanent deployment, naval interoperability, and joint training, reinforcing NATO’s defensive posture in the European Arctic.
Images sourced from the UK Ministry of Defence.
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