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Mensaje: <blockquote data-quote="SuperEtendard" data-source="post: 165252" data-attributes="member: 128">PARTE 5II. BENCHMARK COMPARISONSHaving arrived at credible cost estimates, we then looked at how fighter aircraft costs comparewith other widely used economic benchmarks.The first approach is to compare aircraft on a “cost per kilogram” basis, a rule of thumb approachthat is often used in the industry as a rough guide to relative aircraft costs. We then comparedthese costs with those of gold and caviar, which are widely traded commodities.Table 2: Worth their weight in gold?(Aircraft ranked by cost per kilo (program unit cost divided by empty weight.)Aircraft Weight (kg) Cost ($ million) Cost per kg ($)F-15E 20,400 108.2 5,303 (unit procur. cost) caviar 6,000 Paris, May 2006F-18E 13,400 95.3 7,111JSF 12,000 112.5 9,375Gripen 5,700 76.07 13,345Rafale C 9,400 135.8 14,446Typhoon 9,750 143.8 14,748gold 18,700 Paris, May 2006F-22 14,400 338.8 23,472As shown above in Table 2, combat aircraft costs vary by a factor of 4:1 on a cost per kilogrambasis, slightly less than the 5:1 range for unit costs.The comparison with luxury goods shows that, on a kilo-per-kilo basis, the F-22A is the only one ofthe seven aircraft examined in this study to cost more than its weight in gold, while five of the sixothers cost more than their weight in caviar.7. Different costs of materials and labor in various countries can distort direct cost comparisons.To even out the playing field, we converted Unit Procurement Costs from national currenciesinto US dollars at Purchasing Power Parity. We used the PPP exchange rates provided by TheEconomist’s Big Mac Index” (January 12, 2006) <a href="http://www.economist.com/markets/bigmac/" target="_blank">http://www.economist.com/markets/bigmac/</a>Table 3: Worth their weight in hamburgers?(Aircraft ranked by unit procurement costs at purchasing power parity)Aircraft Cost in $ (actual rate) Local Big Mac price Weighted cost in $Rafale C $ 62.1 $ 3.51 $ 55.7 millionRafale M $ 67.9 $ 3.51 $ 60.9 millionF-18E $ 78.4 $ 3.15 $ 78.4 millionGripen $ 68.9 $ 4.28 $ 84.0 millionF-15 E $ 108.2 $ 3.15 $ 108.2 millionTyphoon (UK) $ 118.6 $ 3.32 $ 112.5 millionJSF $ 115 $ 3.15 $ 115.0 millionF-22A $ 177.6 $ 3.15 $ 177.6 millionThe result is shown in table 3 (above): while prices of non-US aircraft increase when converted intodollars at PPP, the overall ranking is not substantially changed despite generally higher labor andmaterial costs in Europe.8. A final comparison compensates for differences in national wealth, to see how much of anation’s economic resources are consumed by the acquisition of a modern fighter aircraft. To arriveat the ranking below, we divided the Unit Procurement Cost of each fighter by the national procapitagross domestic product in its home country, using data for 2005 provided in the CIA’s WorldFactbook.Table 4: Cost ranking as a bite of GDP(Unit procurement costs divided by national GDP per head; 2005 estimated GDP at purchasing power parity,CIA World Factbook)Aircraft Aircraft Unit Production Price GDP per head (estimated 2005)Cost as multiple of GDP per headNotesF-18 E $ 78,400,000 $ 42,000 1,866 times GDP/headRafale C $ 62,100,000 $ 30,000 2,070Gripen $ 68,900,000 $ 29,800 2,312F-15 E $ 108,200,000 $ 42,000 2,570 estimateJSF $ 115,000,000 $ 42,000 2,738 (UK GDP)Typhoon $ 118,600,000 $ 30,900 3,640F-22 $ 177,000,000 $ 42,000 4,228Table 4 (above) compares costs after correcting them for national economic conditions. Thisranking shows that, in terms of cost to the national economy, the F-18E is most affordable whilethe F-22, which costs four times as much in terms of GDP per head, is the least affordable.Interestingly, the ranking of non-US aircraft does not change significantly in this comparison.It is worth noting that the price range, excluding the F-22, is remarkably homogenous, with a ratioof 1:2 (from 1.8 to 3.6 times GDP/head), and remains practically invariable whatever benchmark isused.This tentatively points to a correlation between economic conditions in the customer country andthe cost of the aircraft it buys.</blockquote>

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