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Mensaje: <blockquote data-quote="SuperEtendard" data-source="post: 165248" data-attributes="member: 128">PARTE 2Sticker Shock:Estimating the Real Cost of Modern Fighter AircraftThe average unit procurement cost of fighter aircraft produced in the NATO area is $112.43 million,and varies in a ratio of almost 3 to 1 from $62.1 million for a Dassault Rafale C to $177.6 millionfor a Lockheed F-22A. Three aircraft have a unit procurement cost of around $70 million, andanother three cost around $110 million.When total research and development costs are added, however, the picture is very different, asthe average program unit cost rises to $148.7 million. On this basis, only two aircraft cost less than$100 million, another costs $112 million, and two (Eurofighter and Rafale) cost around $140million. Again, the F-22A is the most expensive, with a unit program cost of $338.8 million.These figures can appear surprising, especially as they indicate that the Rafale costs less than theGripen, yet they reflect the actual price paid for these fighters by domestic customers. We opted todisregard other prices, such as those offered on export competitions, on the grounds that they areslewed by commercial considerations, while prices paid by domestic customers more accuratelyreflect the real cost of developing and procuring combat aircraft. The methodology followed isdescribed on page 14.Most intriguing is the tentative conclusion that aircraft prices (or costs to governments), like thoseof other manufactured goods, are determined as much by how much the market can bear as bytheir actual development and production costs (see Tables 2, 3)This report is intended to provide an objective basis for estimating the true costs of combat aircraftfor their domestic buyers, at a time when manufacturers, locked in increasingly bitter competitionon the export market, routinely inflate the cost of competitors’ aircraft while making demonstrablymisleading claims about their own.Table 1: Combat Aircraft Ranked by Unit Production Costs(in millions of currency units) (prices first in local currency, then converted to $ at current exchange rates)Aircraft Type Unit Procurement Costs Program Unit Costs CommentsRafale C (EUR 51.8) $ 62.1 (EUR 113.2) $ 135.8 Air force single-seat (inc VAT)Rafale M (EUR 56.6) $ 67.9 (EUR 121.4) $ 145.7 Naval version (inc VAT)JAS-39C Gripen (Poland bid) $ 68.9 (SEK 552.9) $ 76.07 Swedish version (inc VAT)F-18E Super Hornet $ 78.4 $ 95.3 MYP II contractEurofighter (Germany) (EUR 85.7) $ 102.8 (EUR 118.3) $ 141.9 Tranche 2, Dec. 2003 pricesF-15E Strike Eagle $ 108.2 Not significant FY06 orderF-35 Joint Strike Fighter $ 115.0 $ 112.5 LRIP aircraft (estimates)Eurofighter Typhoon (UK) (GBP 64.8) $ 118.6 (GBP 78.6) $ 143.8 Tranche 2, July 2004 pricesEurofighter (Spain) Not available (EUR 105.6) $ 126.7 Tranche 2, mid 2005 pricesF-22A Raptor $ 177.6 $ 338.8 FY06 contract(Sources: GAO, CBO, NAO, DoD, UK MoD, French Parliament for data; defense-aerospace for analysis.Figures are latest available)Our ambition is not to accurately peg actual aircraft prices, but rather to provide general estimatesand a mass of data and sources that readers can use to compute their own price, depending ontheir requirements, by building on the elements provided in this study.</blockquote>

Verificación: Libertador de Argentina