Х-41 / П-270 "Mosquito" (3М-80; SSN-22 «Sunburn»)
Supersonic protivokorabelnaya a cruise missile
Development protivokorabelnoj rockets "Mosquito" 3М-80 has been begun in MKB "Rainbow" in 1973 under direction of main designer I.S.Selezneva.
It is supersonic nizkovysotnaya a self-directed cruise missile. It(she) concerns to a class easy(light) protivokorabelnykh rockets and intended for replacement KR П-15. "Mosquito" - a unique rocket in the world which speed of flight at small heights exceeds two moves. In work above a rocket it is applied more than thirty inventions and discoveries. For example, in "Mosquitoes" for the first time the direct-flow mid-flight engine of a rocket is combined with starting like a nested doll.
The control system of a rocket is created in gosnpo "Altair" under direction of S.Klimova. For its(her) working off the flying laboratory on the basis of Бе-12 was used.
Originally the rocket was developed in a ship variant for arms of destroyers, rocket boats and ekranoplanov. In 1984 the ship variant of "Mosquito" 3М-80Е has been accepted pa arms on destroyers of type "Modern" (the project 956). On a destroyer pr. 956 it has been established(installed) on two schetverennye launchers КТ-190. Works above an aviation variant of "Mosquito" were tightened(delayed), and it(he) has been accepted on arms between 1992 and 1994
The cruise missile 3М-80 is a part of rocket complexes which are intended for defeat of the surface ships and transports by displacement up to 20000 tons from structure of ship shock groupings, landing connections, escorts and the single ships as vodoizmeshchennykh, and on underwater wings and an air pillow in conditions of modern both perspective means ognevogo and radio-electronic counteraction of the opponent. Thus the rocket is steady against destroying action of nuclear explosion.
The rocket 3М-80 is constructed under the normal aerodynamic scheme(plan) with Õ-shaped accommodation of aerodynamic surfaces. Impellent installation combined, consists from mid-flight direct-flow propulsion jet tverdotoplivnogo the engine and the starting powder engine. And startovik it is inserted in soplo the mid-flight engine. Through 3-4 with after start the powder engine burns down and is pushed out from sopla nabegayushchim by a stream of air. The direct-flow engine has been developed in ОКБ-670 main designer M.M.Bondaryuka, and then finished in MKB "Union" in Turaevo.
The combined control system in structure of inertial navigating system and a is active-passive radar-tracking head of homing provides high probability of hit in the purpose even in conditions of radiocounteraction of the opponent. For the purposes of type of group of boats or a ship striking force this probability is equal 0,99; for escorts and landing connections - 0,94.
After start the rocket does(makes) "hill", and then decreases to mid-flight height of flight about 20 m, at the approach to the purpose there is a decrease(reduction) to 7 m (above a crest of waves). The rocket can make intensive protivozenitnye maneuvers with the overloads exceeding 10 g.
From "Mosquito" it is impossible to evade. The opponent will notice a rocket of all 3-4 seconds prior to a meeting with a board of own ship. Due to huge kinetic energy "Mosquito" punches the case of any ship and blows up inside. Such impact is capable to sink not only the ship of middle class, but also a cruiser. And 15-17 "Mosquitoes" - the whole ship group. By estimations of some domestic and foreign experts, "Mosquito" is the best protivokorabelnoj a rocket in the world.
Length of a rocket of 9,385 m, scope of the combined wings of 1,3 m opened - 2,1 m. Starting weight of a rocket of 3950 kg. Weight of a demolition fighting part of 300 kg, from them of 150 kg of powerful explosive. Range of shooting from 10 up to 120 km. Mid-flight speed М=2,4.
Except for EM pr. 956 and BPK pr. 11551 "Admiral Chabanenko", rockets "Mosquito" have received boats pr. 12411. On boats of this project it is established(installed) pobortno in an average part of a boat on two coupled PU type КТ-152М. By the skilled small rocket ship pr. 1239 (on an air pillow skegovogo type) two schetverennye have established(installed) not rotary installations. Besides "mosquito" has been established(installed) on ekranoplane "Lun", it(he) can be applied in parts of coastal defense and in sea aircraft.
The modified rocket with the increased range of flight has a designation 3М-80Е. Their release is mastered on Arsenevskoj aviation company " Progress " by it(him). N.I.Sazykina.
The complex was repeatedly shown on air shows to Chile, Abu-Dhabis (United Arab Emirates) and in situated near Moscow ZHukovskom (MAKS). Now it(he) is resolved on export and to China are delivered EM, armed by this complex.
The aviation variant 3М-80 - Х-41 as a rocket "air-ship" is intended for application from deck fighter Су-33 (Су-27К) and , probably, bomber Су-32ФН. By ship plane Su-27K (Су-33) under a fuselage between motor-gondolas one rocket 3М80 can be placed. However, the question with prompting PKR at start-up from these carriers(bearers) is not solved yet.
The description
The developer MKB "Rainbow"
The manufacturer ON "Progress" (Arsenyev)
Designation "Mosquito" (3М-80)
Variants П-270 "Mosquito" Х-41
Designation NATO SSN-22 «Sunburn»
Type GSN Inertial + radar-tracking is active(actively)-passive
Geometrical and mass characteristics
Length, m 9,385
Scope of a wing, m 2,1
Diameter of the case, m 0,76
Diameter of a rocket with the combined wings, m 1,3
Period of storage in boegotovom a condition on the carrier(bearer), years 1,5
Starting weight, kg 3М-80 3950
3М-80Е 4150-4500
Type of a warhead Getting
Weight BCH, kg 300 (320)
Weight of explosive, kg 150
Power-plant
The developer MKB "Union" (Turaevo)
The engine PVRD 3Д83
Speed of start, M 1.8-2.5
Time of start, with 0.5
Operating time, with 250
Letnye data
Speed, km/h (M =) Cruiser (2,35)
Maximal (2,8)
Range of start-up, km 3М-80 10-90 250
3М-80Е 120
Height of flight, m 7-20
Speed of flight of the carrier(bearer), m/c 200-470
Height of start-up, km Up to 12
poslestartovyj a turn +/-60 o
Temperature of application, oC + /-60
Time of start-up of 4 rockets in a volley, with 15
Rate of shooting at zalpovom start-up, with 5
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