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Mensaje: <blockquote data-quote="paulo" data-source="post: 879367" data-attributes="member: 5327">Italy’s Horizon-class Vessels Go to Work By TOM KINGTON ROME — Italy’s new Horizon-class vessel will be sent on a two-and-a  half-month tour of two continents to test its ability to handle long mis sions with reduced crews before assuming full operational duties next year. When the Andrea Doria returns to base after visiting Spain, Brazil, Senegal and Morocco, it will un dertake a series of launches to qual  ify its Principal Anti Air Missil Sys tem, and its crew will undergo further training. Its sister vessel, the Caio Duilio, which was delivered after the Doria, will test its combat system this summer and undertake training exercises. “We are also holding joint activi ties with the Brazilian Navy to give an idea of Italian technology and the capability of the Italian Navy,” said Vice Adm. Luigi Binelli Mantel li, commander in chief of the Italian fleet. Often referred to as frigates, the 7,000-ton Horizon vessels are more similar to destroyers. Their long range radar and joint air defense ca  pabilities mean Italy is set to rely on them for large events like intergov ernmental summits, as well as to provide escort to other vessels, Binelli Mantelli said. The Horizons may also be used in anti-piracy missions, as the Navy’s frigates near phase-out and before the new Frégates Européennes Mul ti- Missions enter service in 2013. “The Doria is a complex vessel, but I would not exclude it being used in those missions,” Binelli Mantelli said. “Pirates are now at tacking vessels 600 nautical miles from the Somali coast. At that dis tance, they either succeed or are stranded at sea with no fuel, giving an idea of how determined they are. As such, the area we need to con trol is getting larger, even if the task of cutting their logistic support, which means strengthening Somali governance, is equally important.” Another potential mission will be safeguarding maritime traffic off the coast of Lebanon, where Italy is in charge of a U.N. naval force, Binelli Mantelli said. “We are now using a frigate, but the Doria, with its ca pacity to control air space, would be a candidate for this,” he said. One naval analyst said the use of Horizon vessels in a variety of mis  sions reflected a growing trend. “There is ongoing debate about making platforms — which are os  tensibly single mission, high-end and expensive in absolute terms — adaptable to do more,” said Lee Wil  lett, head of maritime studies at the Royal United Services Institute in London. While France and Italy co-devel oped the Horizons, with each Navy ordering two, the United Kingdom decided against joining the team and developed its own Type 45 frigate. “In the U.K., there is a debate about using a Type 45 vessel to run the air defenses for the entire Olympics area, using its 250-mile ra  dius radar, by parking one in the Thames [River],” said Willett. Lon  don will host the Summer Olympic Games in 2012. “The Type 45 could also be a mother ship in an anti piracy operation, deploying patrol aircraft and smaller vessels.” Binelli Mantelli acknowledged that missions like anti-piracy can re quire long stays at sea and that modern vessels like the Horizons are more cost-effective due to their reduced crews. “Extended operations, such as anti-pirate operations, mean the cost of the mission is heavily influenced by the size of the crew,” he said. “The reduction in personnel, plus other ef ficiencies, means we have cut oper ating costs by 30 to 40 percent on the Horizons compared to Italy’s De La Penne-class vessels. The Doria car ries 190 crew against 250 on Maes trale-class vessels and 350 on the De La Penne-class vessels.” The drawback: The smaller the crew, the less time the ship can spend at sea, he said. “If we are lowering the cost of the mission, we are increasing the stress on the crew, despite in creased automation,” Binelli Man telli said. “To keep reduced crews at sea longer, you need to improve liv  ing conditions, which is why new vessels like the Horizons have cab  ins shared by four sailors, not by eight or more, as is the case in the De La Penne class.” The Doria’s current mission to Brazil and back would help gauge the durability of the smaller crew, he added. Italy’s new aircraft carrier, the Cavour, also stopped in Brazil en route to Haiti for a humanitarian as sistance mission partly funded by Italian industry. ” said Vice Adm. Luigi Binelli Mantel li, commander in chief of the Italian fleet. Often referred to as frigates, the 7,000-ton Horizon vessels are more similar to destroyers. Their long range radar and joint air defense ca  pabilities mean Italy is set to rely on them for large events like intergov ernmental summits, as well as to provide escort to other vessels, Binelli Mantelli said. The Horizons may also be used in anti-piracy missions, as the Navy’s frigates near phase-out and before the new Frégates Européennes Mul ti- Missions enter service in 2013. “The Doria is a complex vessel, but I would not exclude it being used in those missions,” Binelli Mantelli said. “Pirates are now at tacking vessels 600 nautical miles from the Somali coast. At that dis tance, they either succeed or are stranded at sea with no fuel, giving an idea of how determined they are. As such, the area we need to con trol is getting larger, even if the task of cutting their logistic support, which means strengthening Somali governance, is equally important.” Another potential mission will be safeguarding maritime traffic off the coast of Lebanon, where Italy is in charge of a U.N. naval force, Binelli Mantelli said. “We are now using a frigate, but the Doria, with its ca pacity to control air space, would be a candidate for this,” he said. One naval analyst said the use of Horizon vessels in a variety of mis  sions reflected a growing trend. “There is ongoing debate about making platforms — which are os  tensibly single mission, high-end and expensive in absolute terms — adaptable to do more,” said Lee Wil  lett, head of maritime studies at the Royal United Services Institute in London. While France and Italy co-devel oped the Horizons, with each Navy ordering two, the United Kingdom decided against joining the team and developed its own Type 45 frigate. “In the U.K., there is a debate about using a Type 45 vessel to run the air defenses for the entire Olympics area, using its 250-mile ra  dius radar, by parking one in the Thames [River],” said Willett. Lon  don will host the Summer Olympic Games in 2012. “The Type 45 could also be a mother ship in an anti piracy operation, deploying patrol aircraft and smaller vessels.” Binelli Mantelli acknowledged that missions like anti-piracy can re quire long stays at sea and that modern vessels like the Horizons are more cost-effective due to their reduced crews. “Extended operations, such as anti-pirate operations, mean the cost of the mission is heavily influenced by the size of the crew,” he said. “The reduction in personnel, plus other ef ficiencies, means we have cut oper ating costs by 30 to 40 percent on the Horizons compared to Italy’s De La Penne-class vessels. The Doria car ries 190 crew against 250 on Maes trale-class vessels and 350 on the De La Penne-class vessels.” The drawback: The smaller the crew, the less time the ship can spend at sea, he said. “If we are lowering the cost of the mission, we are increasing the stress on the crew, despite in creased automation,” Binelli Man telli said. “To keep reduced crews at sea longer, you need to improve liv  ing conditions, which is why new vessels like the Horizons have cab  ins shared by four sailors, not by eight or more, as is the case in the De La Penne class.” The Doria’s current mission to Brazil and back would help gauge the durability of the smaller crew, he added. Italy’s new aircraft carrier, the Cavour, also stopped in Brazil en route to Haiti for a humanitarian as sistance mission partly funded by Italian industry.</blockquote>

Verificación: Guerra desarrollada entre Argentina y el Reino Unido en 1982