As part of its efforts to open new markets in the Middle East, South Korean company Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI) is advancing the international promotion of its new KF-21 Boramae fighter jet, specifically targeting the United Arab Emirates Air Force (UAEAF). The UAE is seeking alternatives to the U.S.-made fifth-generation F-35A, following Washington’s reluctance to authorize a potential sale. In this context, recent official meetings and test flights in South Korea have marked a new milestone in bilateral relations and opened the possibility for the UAE to become one of the first foreign operators of the South Korean 4.5-generation multirole fighter.
The UAE’s renewed interest in the KF-21 Boramae comes as the country aims to diversify its military equipment suppliers and reduce reliance on traditional partners such as the United States and Europe. The previous U.S. Democratic administration’s refusal to move forward with the sale of the F-35—due to disagreements over conditions—prompted Emirati authorities to explore new fighter platforms, among which the South Korean jet stands out. Notably, in 2023, South Korea received a letter from the UAE expressing interest in direct cooperation in the development of the KF-21 Boramae. The report suggested that Abu Dhabi intended to replace Indonesia’s investment in the program by acquiring its stake.
Years later, a high-level military delegation led by Major General Rashed Mohammed Al Shamsi, Commander of the UAE Air Force and Air Defense, visited the headquarters of Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI) in Sacheon, South Korea, where one of the Emirati representatives took part in a KF-21 test flight. In addition, a letter of intent was signed to advance technical and operational cooperation between both air forces.
This rapprochement with the UAE comes as uncertainties persist regarding Indonesia’s participation in the joint development of the KF-21. Although Jakarta had initially committed to 20% of the project’s cost—in exchange for 48 IF-X units and technology transfer—Indonesia has delayed payments and sought to reduce its financial contribution. In 2024, South Korea agreed to reduce Indonesia’s financial commitment from 1.6 trillion won to 600 billion won (approximately USD 442.3 million). In 2025, Indonesia reaffirmed its commitment to the joint development of the future fighter aircraft, confirming that dialogue between the parties would continue.
Analysts argue that a potential UAE entry into the program—though not yet formalized—could represent a turning point for the KF-21, opening new markets and solidifying its international presence. In 2022, the UAE had already acquired the South Korean Cheongung-II air defense system, setting a precedent for defense cooperation between the two countries. The possibility of the UAE considering the KF-21 as part of its future air fleet positions the aircraft as a viable and competitive alternative in the regional landscape. Currently, the UAE Air Force operates F-16 fighters and is in the process of replacing its Mirage 2000s with Rafale jets, which leaves the door open to potentially replacing or complementing the F-16s. In this context, the Boramae could offer a balanced option in terms of advanced capabilities, operational availability, and technology transfer—contrasting with the restrictions imposed by the U.S. on the export of the F-35.
Commenting on the current status of the program, a representative from the Defense Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA) stated: “Talks with the United Arab Emirates represent a significant opportunity to expand the KF-21’s reach beyond the original framework with Indonesia.” He also clarified that while the UAE has not officially expressed its intent to join the development program, “multiple avenues of cooperation are being explored.” Regarding the situation with Jakarta, he said, “Negotiations are ongoing, and for now, Indonesia has reiterated its commitment to the program.” However, he acknowledged that the KF-21’s transition into the production phase may partly depend on the success of securing new strategic partners and potential operators in key regions such as the Middle East.
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