The Navy of the Russian Federation, which is moving forward with a modernization process for its submarine fleet, expects to complete by 2035 the full replacement of its aging nuclear-powered attack submarines through the incorporation of Yasen-M class units. This projection was confirmed by the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral Alexander Moiseyev, who stated that all nuclear submarines currently in service will be replaced over the next ten years by Project 885/885M models, known as Yasen/Yasen-M.
Moiseyev explained that this plan envisages the gradual retirement of third-generation multipurpose platforms, specifically the Project 971, 945, and 949 submarines, which will be replaced by units designed by the Malakhit Design Bureau of the United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC). In statements to the newspaper Krasnaya Zvezda, he said: “The main project for the future – the Yasen/Yasen-M – will replace all third-generation submarines currently in the Navy’s inventory over the next decade.”
The admiral detailed that the Yasen line features advanced search, strike, and defense capabilities, integrating modern missile systems such as Kalibr, Oniks, and Tsirkon, in addition to associated underwater weaponry. According to him, “the submarines can operate covertly and for extended periods in virtually any area of the ocean and represent a significant threat to naval groups and land targets of any adversary.” He also noted that Project 885/885M units are already actively participating in missions with the Northern and Pacific Fleets.
The Yasen class submarines are fourth-generation nuclear platforms that incorporate a reduced acoustic signature and long-range weapon systems capable of striking land, maritime, and underwater targets. The modernized Yasen-M variant integrates Russian developments in technical, electronic, and propulsion systems, along with newly manufactured materials. These improvements form part of the project’s evolutionary process, incorporating advanced technical solutions in its internal components and in the vessel’s overall equipment.
The renewal process coincides with progress in the construction and outfitting of new units. In mid-March, the Russian Navy confirmed that the nuclear submarine Perm, the fifth vessel of the Yasen-M class, was in the final phase of its trials and evaluations. Moiseyev stated that “this year the trials of the next Yasen-M-class nuclear cruise missile submarine, Perm, will be completed, and it will join the submarine force of the Pacific Fleet,” referring to the timeline for integrating these platforms into the operational structure.
To that end, it should also be noted that the current Yasen/Yasen-M class construction plan consists of a total of twelve (12) submarines intended to replace the aforementioned classes of units introduced during the Soviet era. However, following statements made by President Vladimir Putin himself in 2025, the Ministry of Defense and the Russian Navy are considering placing an order for two additional submarines, which, if confirmed, would raise the total number of units to fourteen (14).
The Commander-in-Chief also emphasized that ongoing programs envisage the serial construction of Yasen-M submarines, together with continuous modernization that includes the integration of new weaponry and technological systems. This process is unfolding in parallel with the commemoration of the 120th anniversary of Russia’s submarine forces, created in 1906 by decree of Emperor Nicholas II, when the submarine category was officially incorporated into the Navy’s ship classification.
Images used for illustrative purposes.
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